Njengemishini yokwakha imigwaqo engaphansi komhlaba, ama-bulldozer angonga izinto eziningi kanye nabasebenzi, asheshise ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo, futhi anciphise inqubekela phambili yephrojekthi. Emsebenzini wansuku zonke, ama-bulldozer angase abhekane nokungasebenzi kahle ngenxa yokulungiswa okungafanele noma ukuguga kwemishini. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezimbangela zalokhu kwehluleka:
- I-Bulldozer ayiqali: Ngemva kokusetshenziswa okuvamile, ngeke iphinde iqale futhi akukho ntuthu. I-starter isebenza ngokujwayelekile, futhi ekuqaleni kwahlulelwa ukuthi isekethe kawoyela inephutha. Lapho ngisebenzisa iphampu yesandla ukupompa uwoyela, ngithole ukuthi inani likawoyela elipompelwe lanele, kwakungekho moya ekugelezeni kukawoyela, futhi iphampu yesandla ingasebenza ngokushesha. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukuphakelwa kukawoyela kujwayelekile, umugqa kawoyela awuvaliwe, futhi akukho ukuvuza komoya. Uma kungumshini osanda kuthengwa, kungenzeka ukuthi iphampu yokufaka uphethiloli ayisebenzi kahle (uphawu lwe-lead aluvulwa) lincane kakhulu. Ekugcineni, lapho ngibona i-cut-off lever, ngithole ukuthi yayingekho esimweni esijwayelekile. Ngemva kokuyiphendula ngesandla, yaqala ngokujwayelekile. Kwatholakala ukuthi iphutha laliku-solenoid valve. Ngemva kokushintsha i-solenoid valve, injini yasebenza ngokujwayelekile futhi iphutha laxazululwa.
- Ubunzima bokuqala i-bulldozer: Ngemva kokusetshenziswa okuvamile nokuvala, i-bulldozer iqala kabi futhi ayikhiphi intuthu eningi. Uma usebenzisa iphampu yesandla ukupompa uwoyela, inani lamafutha ampontshwayo alilikhulu, kodwa akukho moya ekugelezeni kwamafutha. Uma iphampu yesandla isebenza ngokushesha, kuzokhiqizwa i-vacuum enkulu, futhi i-piston yephampu kawoyela izobuyela emuva ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kuhlulelwa ukuthi akukho ukuvuza komoya emgqeni kawoyela, kodwa kubangelwa ukungcola okuvimba umugqa kawoyela. Izizathu zokuvaleka komugqa kawoyela yilezi:
①Udonga lwangaphakathi lwerabha lombhobho kawoyela lungahlukana noma luwe, okubangela ukuvaleka komugqa kawoyela. Njengoba umshini ungasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, amathuba okuguga mancane futhi angasuswa okwesikhashana.
②Uma ithangi likaphethiloli lingahlanzwa isikhathi eside noma kusetshenziswa udizili ongahlanzekile, ukungcola okukuwo kungase kufakwe emgqeni kawoyela bese kuqongelela ezindaweni ezincane noma ezihlungini, okubangela ukuvaleka komugqa kawoyela. Ngemva kokubuza umqhubi, sithole ukuthi kube nokuntuleka kukadizili engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka, futhi udizili ongewona ojwayelekile wawusetshenziswe isikhathi esithile, futhi isihlungi sikadizili sasingakaze sihlanzwe. Kusolwa ukuthi iphutha likule ndawo. Susa isihlungi. Uma isihlungi singcolile, shintsha isihlungi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola ukuthi umugqa kawoyela ubushelelezi yini. Ngisho nangemva kwalezi zinyathelo, umshini awuqali kahle, ngakho lokho akuvunyelwe.
③Umugqa kawoyela uvalwe yi-wax noma amanzi. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibandayo ebusika, kwaqalwa kwatholakala ukuthi imbangela yokwehluleka kwaba ukuvaleka kwamanzi. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi kwasetshenziswa udizili we-O# futhi isihlukanisi samanzi kawoyela asikaze sikhiphe amanzi. Njengoba kungekho ukuvaleka kwe-wax emugqeni kawoyela okwatholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini, kwagcina kutholakale ukuthi iphutha libangelwe ukuvaleka kwamanzi. Ipulaki yokudonsa amanzi ikhululekile futhi ukugeleza kwamanzi akubushelelezi. Ngemva kokususa isihlukanisi samanzi kawoyela, ngithole insalela yeqhwa ngaphakathi. Ngemva kokuhlanza, umshini usebenza ngokujwayelekile futhi iphutha liyaxazululwa.
- Ukwehluleka kukagesi we-bulldozer: Ngemva komsebenzi wokusebenza ebusuku, umshini awukwazi ukuqala futhi injini yokuqalisa ayikwazi ukujikeleza.
①Ukwehluleka kwebhethri. Uma injini yokuqalisa ingaphenduki, inkinga ingaba ngebhethri. Uma i-voltage ye-terminal yebhethri ilinganiswa ukuthi ingaphansi kuka-20V (ngebhethri elingu-24V), ibhethri linephutha. Ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-sulfation nokushaja, libuyela esimweni salo esijwayelekile.
②Izintambo zikhululekile. Ngemva kokuyisebenzisa isikhashana, inkinga isekhona. Ngemva kokuthumela ibhethri ukuze lilungiswe, labuyela esimweni salo esijwayelekile. Kuleli qophelo ngacabanga ukuthi ibhethri ngokwalo lilisha, ngakho-ke kwakunethuba elincane lokuthi lingakhishwa kalula. Ngaqala injini futhi ngabona ukuthi i-ammeter iyashintshashintsha. Ngahlola ijenereyitha ngathola ukuthi ayinawo amandla okukhipha i-voltage azinzile. Kunamathuba amabili okwamanje: elilodwa ukuthi isekethe yokuvuselela inephutha, kanti elinye ukuthi ijenereyitha ngokwayo ayikwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile. Ngemva kokuhlola izintambo, kwatholakala ukuthi ukuxhumana okuningana kukhululekile. Ngemva kokuziqinisa, ijenereyitha yabuyela esimweni salo esijwayelekile.
③Ukulayisha ngokweqile. Ngemva kwesikhathi sokusebenzisa, ibhethri iqala ukukhishwa futhi. Njengoba iphutha elifanayo lenzeka izikhathi eziningi, isizathu ukuthi imishini yokwakha ivame ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwentambo eyodwa (induku engemihle igxiliwe). Inzuzo izintambo ezilula kanye nokulungiswa okulula, kodwa ububi ukuthi kulula ukushisa imishini kagesi.
- Impendulo yokuqondisa ye-bulldozer ihamba kancane: ukuqondisa ohlangothini lwesokudla akuzweli. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaphenduka, ngezinye izikhathi kusabela kancane ngemva kokusebenzisa i-lever. Uhlelo lwe-hydraulic lokuqondisa luqukethe ikakhulukazi isihlungi esiqinile 1, ipompo yokuqondisa 2, isihlungi esincane 3, ivalvu yokulawula yokuqondisa 7, i-brake booster 9, ivalvu yokuphepha, kanye ne-oyela cooler 5. Uwoyela we-hydraulic osendlini ye-steering clutch umuncwa kwi-steering clutch. Ipompo yokuqondisa 2 idlula ngesihlungi se-magnetic rough 1, bese ithunyelwa kusihlungi esincane 3, bese ingena kwi-steering control valve 4, i-brake booster kanye ne-safety valve. Uwoyela we-hydraulic okhishwa yi-safety valve (ingcindezi elungisiwe ingu-2MPa) ugeleza ungene kwi-oyela cooler bypass valve. Uma ingcindezi kawoyela ye-oyela cooler bypass valve idlula ingcindezi ebekiwe engu-1.2MPa ngenxa yokuvaleka kwe-oyela cooler 5 noma uhlelo lokugcoba, uwoyela we-hydraulic uzokhishwa ungene endlini ye-steering clutch. Lapho i-steering lever idonswa phakathi, uwoyela we-hydraulic ogeleza ungene kwi-steering control valve 7 ungena kwi-steering clutch. Uma isibambo sokuqondisa sidonswa phansi, uwoyela we-hydraulic uyaqhubeka nokugeleza ungene ku-clutch yokuqondisa, okwenza i-clutch yokuqondisa ihlukane, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo igeleza ingene ku-brake booster ukuze isebenze njengebhuleki. Ngemva kokuhlaziywa, kucatshangwa ukuthi iphutha lenzeke:
①I-clutch yokuqondisa ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele noma ukushelela;
②Ibhuleki lokuqondisa alisebenzi. 1. Izizathu zokuthi kungani i-clutch ingahlukanisiwe ngokuphelele noma ingasheleli yilezi: izici zangaphandle zifaka phakathi ukucindezela okunganele kwamafutha okulawula i-clutch yokuqondisa. Umehluko wokucindezela phakathi kwamachweba B no-C awumkhulu. Njengoba isiteringi sokudla kuphela esingazweli futhi isiteringi sesobunxele sivamile, kusho ukuthi ukucindezela kwamafutha kwanele, ngakho-ke iphutha alikwazi ukuba kule ndawo. Izici zangaphakathi zifaka phakathi ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi se-clutch. Ezicini zangaphakathi, umshini udinga ukuhlakazwa nokuhlolwa, kodwa lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ngeke kuhlolwe okwamanje. 2. Izizathu zokwehluleka kwebhuleki lokuqondisa yilezi:①Umfutho kawoyela wamabhuleki onganele. Umfutho emachwebeni D naku-E uyafana, okwenza lokhu kungenzeki.②Ipuleti lokungqubuzana liyashelela. Njengoba umshini ungasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, amathuba okuguguleka kwepuleti lokungqubuzana mancane kakhulu.③I-braking stroke inkulu kakhulu. Qinisa nge-torque engu-90N·m, bese uyibuyisela emuva ngama-turn angu-1 1/6. Ngemva kokuhlola, inkinga yokuqondisa kwesokudla okungaphenduli isixazululiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi i-clutch ihluleke ukwakheka kwangaphakathi. Imbangela yephutha ukuthi i-braking stroke inkulu kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-17-2023
