Kubikwe ukuthi abantu ababalelwa ku-8,000 babulewe kanti abanye abangamashumi ezinkulungwane balimala ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba okubi kakhulu okuhlasele iTurkey neSyria ngoMsombuluko.
Izinkulungwane zezakhiwo eziwile kulezi zizwe ezimbili futhi izinhlangano zosizo zixwayisa ngemiphumela "eyinhlekelele" enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeSyria, lapho izigidi zabantu abasengozini nabafuduki base bevele bethembele ekusekelweni kobuntu.
Imizamo emikhulu yokutakula iyaqhubeka, umphakathi womhlaba wonke unikeza usizo emisebenzini yokusesha nokulungisa. Okwamanje izinhlangano zixwayise ngokuthi ukufa kwabantu ngenxa yale nhlekelele kunganda kakhulu.
Nakhu esikwaziyo ngokuzamazama komhlaba nokuthi kungani kwakuyingozi kangaka.
Kuphi ukuzamazama komhlaba?
Okunye kokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kakhulu okuke kwahlasela lesi sifunda eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule kuzamazamise izakhamuzi ebuthongweni bazo ekuseni ngoMsombuluko cishe ngo-4 ekuseni. Lokhu kuzamazama komhlaba kuhlasele amakhilomitha angu-23 (amamayela angu-14.2) empumalanga yeNurdagi, esifundazweni saseGaziantep eTurkey, endaweni ejulile engamakhilomitha angu-24.1 (amamayela angu-14.9), kusho i-United States Geological Survey (USGS).
Uchungechunge lokuzamazama komhlaba kwavela endaweni yonke emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kwesigameko sokuqala. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okwalandela okungu-6.7 ngobukhulu kwalandela imizuzu eyi-11 ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba kokuqala, kodwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kunawo wonke, okwakungu-7.5 ngobukhulu, kwashaya cishe emahoreni ayisishiyagalolunye kamuva ngo-1:24 ntambama, ngokusho kwe-USGS.
Lokho kuzamazama komhlaba okungama-7.5 magnitude, okwahlasela cishe amakhilomitha angu-95 (amamayela angu-59) enyakatho yokuzamazama komhlaba kokuqala, kunamandla kakhulu kokuzamazama komhlaba okungaphezu kwe-100 okuye kwaqoshwa kuze kube manje.
Abahlengi manje bagijimela isikhathi kanye nesimo sezulu ukuze bakhiphe abasindile ngaphansi kwemfucumfucu ezinhlangothini zombili zomngcele. Izakhiwo ezingaphezu kuka-5,700 eTurkey ziwile, ngokusho kwe-ejensi yezinhlekelele yezwe.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwangoMsombuluko nakho kube okunye kokunamandla kakhulu okwake kwenzeka eTurkey ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule - ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-7.8 magnitude kwahlasela empumalanga yezwe ngo-1939, okwaholela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-30,000, ngokusho kwe-USGS.
Kungani ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka?
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka kuwo wonke amazwekazi emhlabeni – kusukela eziqongweni eziphakeme kakhulu ezintabeni zaseHimalaya kuya ezigodini eziphansi kakhulu, njengoLwandle Olufile, kuya ezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu zase-Antarctica. Kodwa-ke, ukusabalala kwalokhu kuzamazama akuhleliwe.
I-USGS ichaza ukuzamazama komhlaba ngokuthi “ukuzamazama komhlaba okubangelwa ukushelela okungazelelwe ephutheni. Ukucindezeleka ongqimbeni lwangaphandle lomhlaba kusunduza izinhlangothi zephutha ndawonye. Ukucindezeleka kuyakhula futhi amatshe ayashelela ngokuzumayo, akhiphe amandla emagagasini ahamba ongqimbeni lomhlaba futhi abangele ukuzamazama esikuzwayo ngesikhathi sokuzamazama komhlaba.”
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kulinganiswa kusetshenziswa ama-seismograph, aqapha amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba ahamba eMhlabeni ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba.
Abaningi bangase baliqaphele igama elithi “Richter Scale” elalisetshenziswa ososayensi iminyaka eminingi ngaphambili, kodwa kulezi zinsuku ngokuvamile balandela i-Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI), okuyisilinganiso esinembile kakhulu sobukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba, ngokusho kwe-USGS.
Indlela ukuzamazama komhlaba okulinganiswa ngayo
Kungani lokhu kwakuyingozi kangaka?
Kunezinto eziningana eziye zaba nomthelela ekwenzeni lokhu kuzamazama komhlaba kube yingozi kangaka. Esinye sazo isikhathi sosuku okwenzeka ngaso. Njengoba ukuzamazama komhlaba kwaqala ekuseni kakhulu, abantu abaningi babesemibhedeni yabo lapho kwenzeka, futhi manje bavaleleke ngaphansi kwemfucumfucu yezindlu zabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba uhlelo lwesimo sezulu esibandayo nesimanzi luhamba esifundeni, izimo ezimbi zenze imizamo yokutakula nokubuyisela esimweni sayo inzima kakhulu kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomngcele.
Izinga lokushisa seliphansi kakhulu, kodwa ngoLwesithathu kulindeleke ukuthi lehle ngamadigri amaningana ngaphansi kwezinga eliphansi.
Indawo enomfutho ophansi okwamanje ilenga phezu kweTurkey neSyria. Njengoba lokho kuhamba, lokhu kuzokwehlisa "umoya obandayo kakhulu" usuka eTurkey ephakathi, ngokusho kwesazi sezulu esiphezulu se-CNN uBritley Ritz.
Kubikezelwa ukuthi kuzoba yi-degrees Celsius engu-24.8 (24.8 degrees Fahrenheit) eGaziantep kanye ne-degrees -2 e-Aleppo ngoLwesithathu ekuseni. NgoLwesine, isimo sezulu sizokwehla kakhulu sibe yi-degrees -6 kanye ne-degrees -4 ngokulandelana.
Izimo sezivele zenze kwaba nzima ngamathimba osizo ukufinyelela endaweni ethintekile, kusho uNgqongqoshe Wezempilo waseTurkey uFahrettin Koca, enezela ngokuthi izindiza ezinophephela emhlane azikwazanga ukusuka ngoMsombuluko ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi.
Naphezu kwezimo, izikhulu zicele izakhamuzi ukuba ziphume ezakhiweni ukuze ziphephe ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokunye ukuzamazama komhlaba okulandelayo.
Njengoba kunomonakalo omkhulu kangaka emazweni womabili, abaningi sebeqala ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nendima okungenzeka ukuthi ingqalasizinda yokwakha yendawo yayinayo kule nhlekelele.
Unjiniyela wezakhiwo we-USGS uKishor Jaiswal utshele i-CNN ngoLwesibili ukuthi iTurkey ike yabhekana nokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu esikhathini esidlule, okuhlanganisa nokuzamazama komhlaba ngo-1999 okwabangela lokhu.yahlasela eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeTurkeyfuthi kwabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-14,000.
UJaiswal uthe izingxenye eziningi zaseTurkey ziqokwe njengezindawo eziyingozi kakhulu zokuzamazama komhlaba, ngakho-ke, imithethonqubo yokwakha esifundeni isho ukuthi amaphrojekthi okwakha kufanele amelane nalezi zinhlobo zezehlakalo futhi ezimweni eziningi agweme ukuwa okubhubhisayo - uma kwenziwa kahle.
Kodwa akuzona zonke izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngokwezinga lesimanje laseTurkey lokuzamazama komhlaba, kusho uJaiswal. Ukuntuleka komklamo nokwakhiwa, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezindala, kusho ukuthi izakhiwo eziningi azikwazanga ukumelana nobunzima bokushaqeka.
“Uma ungaklami lezi zakhiwo ukuze zivumelane namandla okuzamazama komhlaba ezingase zibhekane nawo empilweni yazo yokuklama, lezi zakhiwo zingase zingasebenzi kahle,” kusho uJaiswal.
UJaiswal uphinde waxwayisa ngokuthi izakhiwo eziningi ezishiywe zimi zingase "zibe buthaka kakhulu ngenxa yalezo zinto ezimbili zokuzamazama komhlaba ezinamandla esesizibonile kakade. Kusenethuba elincane lokubona ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla okwanele ukwehlisa lezo zakhiwo eziwohlokile. Ngakho-ke phakathi nalo msebenzi wokulandela ukuzamazama komhlaba, abantu kufanele baqaphele kakhulu ekufinyeleleni kulezo zakhiwo ezibuthakathaka kule mizamo yokutakula."
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-08-2023
