Babalelwa ku-8,000 abantu okubikwe ukuthi bashonile kwathi amashumi ezinkulungwane zabanye balinyazwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okuhlasele eTurkey naseSyria ngoMsombuluko.
Izinkulungwane zezakhiwo eziwile kulezi zizwe ezimbili kanye nezinhlangano ezisizayo zixwayisa ngemiphumela “eyinhlekelele” enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeSyria, lapho izigidi zabantu abasengozini futhi abangenamakhaya base bethembele ekusekelweni kobuntu.
Imizamo emikhulu yokuhlenga iyaqhubeka nomphakathi womhlaba wonke ohlinzeka ngosizo emisebenzini yokusesha nokuthola usizo.Khonamanjalo ama-ejensi axwayise ngokuthi abashonile kule nhlekelele bangakhuphuka kakhulu.
Nakhu esikwaziyo mayelana nokuzamazama komhlaba nokuthi kungani kubulale kangaka.
Kwafika kuphi ukuzamazama komhlaba?
Okunye kokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kakhulu ukuhlasela isifunda ekhulwini leminyaka kuzamazame izakhamuzi ekulaleni kwazo ezintatha zangoMsombuluko ngezithuba zabo-04:00. Amakhilomitha angu-24.1 (14.9 miles), kusho abe-United States Geological Survey (USGS).
Uchungechunge lokundindizela okulandelanayo lwaphindela esifundeni emahoreni aseduze ngemva kwesigameko sokuqala.Ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-6.7 magnitude kulandele imizuzu engu-11 ngemuva kokuzamazama kokuqala, kodwa ukuzamazama okukhulu, okulinganiselwa ku-7.5 ngobukhulu, kushaye cishe amahora ayisishiyagalolunye kamuva ngo-1:24 ntambama, ngokusho kwe-USGS.
Lokho kuzamazama okungama-7.5 magnitude, okuhlasele endaweni eqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-95 (59 miles) enyakatho yokuzamazama kokuqala, kungukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla okudlula i-100 okuke kwaqoshwa kuze kube manje.
Abatakuli manje sebeqhudelana nesikhathi kanye nezinto zokudonsa abasindile baphume ngaphansi kwemfucumfucu nhlangothi zombili zomngcele.Zingaphezu kuka-5 700 izakhiwo eTurkey eziwile, ngokusho kophiko lwezinhlekelele kuleliya lizwe.
Ukuzamazama kwangoMsombuluko nakho bekungenye yeziqine kakhulu iTurkey eye yabhekana nakho ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule - ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-7.8 magnitude kwahlasela empumalanga yezwe ngo-1939, okwaholela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-30,000, ngokusho kwe-USGS.
Kungani ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka?
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka kuwo wonke amazwekazi emhlabeni - kusukela eziqongweni eziphakeme kakhulu eziNtabeni ze-Himalaya kuya ezigodini eziphansi kakhulu, njengoLwandle Olufile, kuya ezindaweni ezibanda kakhulu zase-Antarctica.Nokho, ukusatshalaliswa kwalokhu kuzamazama akwenzeki nje.
I-USGS ichaza ukuzamazama komhlaba “njengokuzamazama komhlaba okubangelwa ukushibilika okungazelelwe kwephutha.Izingcindezi ezisengqimbeni yangaphandle yomhlaba zidudula izinhlangothi zephutha ndawonye.Kuyanda ukucindezeleka futhi amadwala ashibilike kungazelelwe, akhiphe amandla ngamagagasi ahamba oqweqweni lomhlaba futhi abangele ukuzamazama esikuzwayo phakathi nokuzamazama komhlaba.”
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kukalwa kusetshenziswa ama-seismographs, aqapha amaza okuzamazama komhlaba ahamba eMhlabeni ngemva kokuzamazama.
Abaningi bangase baqaphele igama elithi “Richter Scale” ososayensi ababelisebenzisa iminyaka eminingi ngaphambili, kodwa kulezi zinsuku ngokuvamile balandela i-Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI), okuyisilinganiso esinembe kakhudlwana sosayizi wokuzamazama, ngokusho kwe-USGS.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kukalwa kanjani
Kungani lena yabulala kangaka?
Ziningi izici ezibe nomthelela ekwenzeni lokhu kuzamazama komhlaba kubulale kangaka.Enye yazo yisikhathi sosuku okwenzeka ngayo.Njengoba ukuzamazama kuqale ekuseni, abantu abaningi bebesemibhedeni yabo ngesikhathi kwenzeka, futhi manje bavaleleke ngaphansi kwemfucumfucu yemizi yabo.
Ukwengeza, ngohlelo lwesimo sezulu esibandayo nesimanzi esihamba esifundeni, izimo ezimbi zenze imizamo yokuhlenga nokuhlenga kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomngcele yaba inselele kakhulu.
Amazinga okushisa asevele ephansi kakhulu, kodwa ngoLwesithathu kulindeleke ukuthi ehle ngamadigri ambalwa ngaphansi kweziro.
Indawo yengcindezi ephansi njengamanje ilenga phezu kweTurkey neSyria.Njengoba lokho kuqhubeka, lokhu kuzokwehlisa “umoya obanda kakhulu” usuka enkabeni yeTurkey, ngokusho kwesazi sezulu esiphezulu se-CNN uBritley Ritz.
Isibikezelo sezulu sizoba -4 degrees Celsius (24.8 degrees Fahrenheit) e-Gaziantep kanye -2 degrees e-Aleppo ngoLwesithathu ekuseni.NgoLwesine, isibikezelo sehla kakhulu siye ku--6 degrees no-4 degrees ngokulandelana.
Izimo sezivele zenze kube nzima ukuthi amaqembu asizayo afinyelele endaweni ethintekile, kusho uNgqongqoshe Wezempilo waseTurkey uFahrettin Koca, wengeza ngokuthi izindiza ezinophephela emhlane azikwazanga ukusuka ngoMsombuluko ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zimo, izikhulu zicele izakhamizi ukuthi zishiye izakhiwo ukuze ziphephe ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuzamazama okwengeziwe.
Ngenxa yomonakalo ongaka kuwo womabili la mazwe, abaningi sebeqala ukubuza imibuzo mayelana neqhaza okungenzeka ukuthi ingqalasizinda yezokwakha yendawo ilidlalile kule nhlekelele.
Unjiniyela wezakhiwo wase-USGS uKishor Jaiswal utshele i-CNN ngoLwesibili ukuthi iTurkey ike yaba nokuzamazama komhlaba okuphawulekayo esikhathini esedlule, okuhlanganisa nokuzamazama komhlaba ngo-1999.itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeTurkeyfuthi yabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-14,000.
U-Jaiswal uthe izingxenye eziningi zaseTurkey zikhethwe njengezindawo eziyingozi kakhulu zokuzamazama komhlaba futhi, ngenxa yalokho, imithethonqubo yokwakha esifundeni isho ukuthi amaphrojekthi wokwakha kufanele amelane nalezi zinhlobo zezenzakalo futhi ezimweni eziningi agweme ukuwa okuyinhlekelele - uma kwenziwa kahle.
Kepha akuzona zonke izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngokwezinga lesimanje lokuzamazama komhlaba laseTurkey, kusho uJaiswal.Ukushoda ekwakhiweni nasekukhiweni, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezindala, kusho ukuthi izakhiwo eziningi azikwazanga ukumelana nobunzima bokushaqeka.
“Uma ungaklami lezi zakhiwo ngendlela yokuzamazama komhlaba ezingase zibhekane nazo empilweni yazo yokuklama, lezi zakhiwo kungenzeka zingasebenzi kahle,” kusho uJaiswal.
U-Jaiswal uphinde waxwayisa ngokuthi izakhiwo eziningi ezishiywe zimile zingase "zibe buthakathaka kakhulu ngenxa yalokho kuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla okubili esesivele sikubonile.Kusenethuba elincane lokubona ukuzamazama okulandelayo okunamandla ngokwanele ukuze kwehlise lezo zakhiwo eziwohlokayo.Ngakho-ke phakathi nalo msebenzi wokuzamazama ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba, abantu kufanele baqikelele kakhulu ekufinyeleleni lezo zakhiwo ezibuthakathaka kule mizamo yokuhlenga.”
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-08-2023