Izinqubomgomo zezimali ezinolaka nezingenasibopho ezamukelwe yi-United States ziye zabangela ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwamanani emhlabeni wonke, okubangele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu komnotho kanye nokwanda okukhulu kobumpofu, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, kusho ochwepheshe bomhlaba wonke.
Ekulweni nokulawula ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo e-US okuqhubekela phambili, okwenyuke ngamaphesenti angu-9 ngoJuni, i-US Federal Reserve inyuse amazinga enzalo izikhathi ezine yafinyelela ezingeni lamanje elisukela kumaphesenti angu-2.25 kuya kwangu-2.5.
UBenyamin Poghosyan, usihlalo we-Center for Political and Economic Strategic Studies eYerevan, e-Armenia, utshele i-China Daily ukuthi lokhu kunyuka kuphazamise izimakethe zezimali zomhlaba wonke, njengoba amazwe amaningi asathuthuka ebhekene nokwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu kakhulu, ephazamisa imizamo yawo yokuthola ukuqina kwezezimali naphezu kwezinselelo ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba wonke.
"Sekuvele kuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwe-euro kanye nezinye izimali, futhi kuzoqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo," esho.
Abathengi bathenga inyama esitolo sokudla saseSafeway njengoba ukukhuphuka kwamanani kuqhubeka nokukhula e-Annapolis, eMaryland
ETunisia, idola elinamandla kanye nokwenyuka okukhulu kwamanani okusanhlamvu namandla kulindeleke ukuthi kwandise ukuntuleka kwesabelomali sezwe kuye kumaphesenti angu-9.7 e-GDP kulo nyaka kusuka kumaphesenti angu-6.7 okwakubikezelwe ngaphambilini, kusho umbusi webhange eliphakathi uMarouan Abassi.
Ekupheleni kwalo nyaka isikweletu somphakathi esisele sezwe kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele kuma-dinars ayizigidigidi ezingu-114.1 ($35.9 billion), noma amaphesenti angu-82.6 e-GDP yayo. ITunisia izohluleka ukukhokha uma ukuwohloka kwamanje kwezimali zayo kuqhubeka, kusho ibhange lokutshala imali iMorgan Stanley ngoMashi.
Ukwehla kwamandla emali kwaminyaka yonke eTurkey kufinyelele kumaphesenti angu-79.6 aphezulu ngoJulayi, okuyinani eliphakeme kakhulu eminyakeni engu-24. Idola elilodwa lathengiswa ngama-liras aseTurkey angu-18.09 ngo-Agasti 21, okubonisa ukulahlekelwa ngenani lamaphesenti ayi-100 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, lapho izinga lokushintshanisa imali lalingama-liras angu-8.45 uma kuqhathaniswa nedola.
Naphezu kwemizamo kahulumeni ehlanganisa ukukhuphula umholo omncane ukuze kuvikelwe abantu ezinkingeni zezimali ezibangelwa ukwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu, abantu baseTurkey babhekene nobunzima bokuthola imali yokuziphilisa.
UTuncay Yuksel, umnikazi wesitolo esithengisa izinto ezisetshenzisiwe e-Ankara, uthe umndeni wakhe usuweqile ohlwini lwemikhiqizo yokudla efana nenyama nobisi ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamanani kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka.
"Konke sekubize kakhulu, futhi amandla okuthenga ezakhamuzi ehle kakhulu," kusho i-Xinhua News Agency. "Abanye abantu abakwazi ukuthenga izidingo eziyisisekelo."
Ukwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo le-US Fed "ngokuqinisekile kubangele ukwehla kwamandla emali emazweni asathuthuka", futhi lesi sinyathelo asinasibopho, kusho uPoghosyan.
"I-US isebenzisa ukubusa kwedola ukuze ilandele izintshisekelo zayo zezepolitiki. I-US kufanele ithwale umthwalo wemfanelo ngezenzo zayo, ikakhulukazi njengoba i-US iziveza njengomvikeli womhlaba wonke wamalungelo abantu okhathalela wonke umuntu."
"Kwenza izimpilo zabantu abangamashumi ezigidi zibe lusizi kakhulu, kodwa ngikholwa wukuthi i-US ayinandaba."
UJerome Powell, usihlalo we-US Federal Reserve, waxwayisa ngo-Agasti 26 ukuthi i-US kungenzeka ibeke ukwenyuka okukhulu kwenzalo ezinyangeni ezizayo futhi izimisele ukunciphisa ukukhuphuka kwamanani aphezulu eminyakeni engama-40.
UTang Yao, uprofesa ohlangene eGuanghua School of Management ePeking University, uthe ukunciphisa ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo kuyinto eza kuqala eWashington ngakho-ke kulindeleke ukuthi i-Fed iqhubeke nokuphakamisa amazinga cishe unyaka wonke ozayo.
Lokhu kuzobangela ukwehla kwamandla omnotho emhlabeni jikelele, kukhuthaze ukugeleza okukhulu kwemali evela ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke iye e-US kanye nokwehla kwenani lezinye izimali eziningi, kusho uTang, enezela ngokuthi le nqubomgomo izophinde ibangele ukuthi imakethe yesitoko nebhondi yehle futhi amazwe anezisekelo ezibuthakathaka kwezomnotho nezezimali athwale izingozi eziningi njengokwanda kokungakhokhi izikweletu.
I-International Monetary Fund iphinde yaxwayisa ngokuthi imizamo ye-Fed yokulwa nokucindezeleka kwentengo ingathinta izimakethe ezisafufusa ezigcwele izikweletu zemali yangaphandle.
"Ukuqina okungahlelekile kwezimo zezimali zomhlaba kungaba yinselele kakhulu emazweni anobuthakathaka obukhulu bezezimali, izinselelo ezihlobene nobhubhane ezingaxazululwa kanye nezidingo ezibalulekile zezimali zangaphandle," kusho isitatimende.
Umphumela wokuchitheka
UWu Haifeng, umqondisi omkhulu weFintech Center of Shenzhen Institute of Data Economy, naye uveze ukukhathazeka ngomphumela wokusabalala kwenqubomgomo ye-Fed, ethi iletha ukungaqiniseki kanye nesiphithiphithi ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke futhi ithinta kakhulu iminotho eminingi.
Ukwenyusa amazinga enzalo akuzange kunciphise ukwehla kwamandla emali kwasekhaya e-US ngempumelelo, futhi akuzange kunciphise amanani abathengi bezwe, kusho uWu.
Ukwenyuka kwentengo yabathengi e-US kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-9.1 ezinyangeni ezingu-12 kuya kuJuni, okuwukwenyuka okusheshayo kusukela ngoNovemba 1981, ngokusho kwezibalo ezisemthethweni.
Kodwa-ke, i-US ayifuni ukukuvuma konke lokhu nokusebenzisana namanye amazwe ukuthuthukisa ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke ngoba ayifuni ukumelana nezintshisekelo ezizimele okuhlanganisa abacebile kanye nesakhiwo sezempi nezimboni, kusho uWu.
Izindleko ezibekwe eShayina, isibonelo, noma yisiphi isijeziso kwamanye amazwe, azinawo umphumela ngaphandle kokwenza abathengi base-US basebenzise imali eningi futhi basongele umnotho wase-US, kusho uWu.
Ochwepheshe babona ukufaka izijeziso njengenye indlela yokuthi i-US iqinise ukubusa kwayo ngedola.
Kusukela kwasungulwa uhlelo lweBretton Woods ngo-1944 idola laseMelika liye lathatha indima yemali egciniwe yomhlaba wonke, futhi phakathi namashumi eminyaka i-US igcine isikhundla sayo njengomnotho ohamba phambili emhlabeni.
Kodwa-ke, inkinga yezezimali yomhlaba ka-2008 yaphawula ukuqala kokuphela kokubusa kwe-US ngokuphelele. Ukwehla kwe-US kanye "nokwanda kwamanye amazwe", okuhlanganisa iShayina, iRussia, iNdiya kanye neBrazil, kuye kwaphonsela inselelo ubukhosi be-US, kusho uPoghosyan.
Njengoba i-US yaqala ukubhekana nokuncintisana okukhula kwezinye izikhungo zamandla, yanquma ukusebenzisa indima yedola njengemali egciniwe yomhlaba wonke emizamweni yayo yokulawula ukukhuphuka kwabanye nokugcina ubukhosi be-US.
Esebenzisa isikhundla sedola, i-US yasongela amazwe nezinkampani, ithi izowasusa ohlelweni lwezezimali lwamazwe ngamazwe uma engalandeli inqubomgomo yase-US, esho.
"Isisulu sokuqala sale nqubomgomo kwakuyi-Iran, eyabekwa ngaphansi kwezijeziso ezinzima zezomnotho," kusho uPoghosyan. "Ngemuva kwalokho i-US yanquma ukusebenzisa le nqubomgomo yezijeziso eChina, ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini zokuxhumana zaseShayina, njengeHuawei ne-ZTE, ezazingabancintisani ababalulekile bezinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT zaseMelika ezindaweni ezifana namanethiwekhi e-5G kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa."
Ithuluzi le-geopolitical
Uhulumeni wase-US usebenzisa idola kakhulu njengethuluzi eliyinhloko lokuthuthukisa izintshisekelo zawo zezepolitiki kanye nokulawula ukwanda kwabanye, ukwethemba idola kuyehla, futhi amazwe amaningi asathuthuka azimisele ukulishiya njengemali eyinhloko yokuhweba, kusho uPoghosyan.
"Lawo mazwe kufanele asungule izindlela zokunciphisa ukuthembela kwawo edoleni laseMelika, ngaphandle kwalokho azobe esengozini eqhubekayo yokubhubhisa umnotho wawo."
UTang weSikole Sokuphatha saseGuanghua uphakamise ukuthi iminotho esathuthuka kufanele ihluke kwezentengiselwano kanye nezezimali ngokwandisa inani labalingani abakhulu bezohwebo kanye nemithombo yezimali kanye nezindawo zokutshala imali, ngomzamo wokunciphisa ukuthembela kwabo emnothweni wase-US.
Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali kuzoba nzima esikhathini esifushane nesiphakathi kodwa imakethe yezezimali yomhlaba wonke ephilayo nehlukahlukene kanye nohlelo lwemali lunganciphisa ukuthembela edoleni laseMelika futhi kuqinise ukuhleleka kwezezimali zomhlaba wonke, kusho uTang.
Amazwe amaningi anciphise inani lezikweletu zase-US anazo futhi aqale ukushintshashintsha izimali zawo zokushintshanisa imali yangaphandle.
IBhange lakwa-Israyeli lamemezela ngo-Ephreli ukuthi lifake izimali zaseCanada, e-Australia, eJapane naseShayina ezinqolobaneni zalo zokushintshanisa imali yangaphandle, ezazinqunyelwe edoleni laseMelika, iphawundi laseBrithani kanye ne-euro.
Amadola aseMelika akhiqiza amaphesenti angama-61 emali engenayo yezwe, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angama-66.5 ngaphambilini.
Ibhange eliphakathi laseGibhithe liphinde lagcina isu lephothifoliyo ehlukahlukene ngokuthenga amathani angu-44 egolide kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, okuwukwenyuka ngamaphesenti angu-54, kusho iWorld Gold Council.
Amanye amazwe afana ne-India ne-Iran axoxa ngokuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa izimali zezwe ekuhwebeni kwawo kwamanye amazwe.
Umholi Ophakeme wase-Iran u-Ayatollah Ali Khamenei wabiza ngoJulayi ukuthi kuyekwe kancane kancane idola ekuhwebeni phakathi kwamazwe amabili neRussia. Ngomhlaka-19 Julayi i-republic yamaSulumane yaqala ukuhweba nge-rial-ruble emakethe yayo yokushintshaniswa kwemali yangaphandle.
"Idola lisaqhubeka nokugcina indima yalo njengemali egciniwe yomhlaba wonke, kodwa inqubo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali isiqalile ukushesha," kusho uPoghosyan.
Futhi, ukuguqulwa komyalelo wangemva kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi kuzoholela ekusungulweni kwezwe elinabantu abaningi kanye nokuphela kokubusa okuphelele kwe-US, esho.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-05-2022
