Yiziphi izinhlobo zamabhakede okumba imigodi?

1. Ukumba Okubanzi kanye Namabhakede Enhloso Ejwayelekile

Ibhakede Elijwayelekile Lokumba

Ibhakede lokumba elijwayelekile liyilungiselelo elizenzakalelayo labaningi abamba izimboni. Linomthamo omkhulu, ukuvulwa okubanzi, kanye nezinhlelo zamazinyo ezijwayelekile ezingashintshwa. Lakhelwe izindawo ezithinta kancane, ezingagugi kakhulu, lihamba phambili enhlabathini ephezulu ehambayo, ebumbeni elixegayo, esihlabathini, nasenhlabathini exubile. Ekulinganisweni kwezindlu noma ekufakweni kwemisele yezolimo eyisisekelo, lifinyelela ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwezinto ezigcwalisa kakhulu kanye nesivinini sokulahlwa kwemfucuza okusheshayo.

Ibhakede Ledwala

Uma kuphathwa izinto ezirhabaxa kakhulu njengedwala eliqhumile, i-hardpan, noma i-granite eqhekekile, amabhakede ajwayelekile akhathala ngokushesha ngesakhiwo. Amabhakede edwala axazulula lokhu ngamapuleti okuguga aqinile, aqinile (njenge-NM400 noma i-NM500) aqinisa izicucu zangaphansi nezezinhlangothi. Ahlonyiswe ngamazinyo edwala aqinile aklanyelwe ukungena okuphezulu, lezi zingxenye zimelana namandla amakhulu okuqhekeka, okwenza zibe yinto ebalulekile ekukhishweni kwengqolobane nasekusetshenzisweni kabusha kokhonkolo.

Ibhakede Lokusebenza (Ukuvimbela Ukushaya)

Ukumba ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinabantu abaningi kungenisa ingozi yokushaywa kwezintambo zikagesi—iphutha lokusebenza elibizayo neliyingozi. Amabhakede kagesi anciphisa le ngozi ngokufaka amazinyo abukhali, acijile ngomphetho oqhubekayo, osindayo noma oqondile. Le phrofayili ivumela ibhakede ukuthi lishelele phezu komsele ogqitshwe, imigudu yamanzi, noma amapayipi egesi ngengozi encane yokubhoboza, okusebenza njengesinamathiselo esibalulekile sokuphepha kwemikhumbi yezinkontileka zikamasipala.

2. Ukuphrofayilisha Okungaphezulu kanye Namabhakede Okuqeda

Ibhakede Lokuhlanza Amagredi/Imisele

Amabhakede okulinganisa aklanyelwe ukunemba kwendawo kunokuba aphule izinto ezithinta kakhulu. Abonakala ngephrofayili ebanzi, engajulile, nephansi eliyisicaba, anomphetho oqhubekayo ongenamazinyo ngamanye. Abasebenzi basebenzisa lezi zinamathiselo ukuze balungise ama-aggregates, balinganise isihlabathi sombhede, futhi bahlanze amaphrofayili emisele, baqinisekise ukuthi kuqedwa ngendlela efanayo emabhulohweni omgwaqo kanye nasezindaweni ezizungezile.

Ibhakede Lokuhlanza Imisele Ethambekile

Amabhakede okulinganisa ajwayelekile ayahluleka ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi noma emiseleni engalingani lapho umgubhi engakwazi ukubeka khona imizila yawo kahle. Amabhakede okuhlanza imisele egobile afaka amasilinda e-hydraulic ahlanganisiwe avumela ukuhlangana kwamadigri angu-45 kokubili kwesobunxele nakwesokudla. Lokhu kuvumela ukulinganisa okunembile ezindaweni ezihlukene zokuthambekela kanye nezintaba ngaphandle kokudinga ukuhlelwa kabusha komshini okuvamile, okudla isikhathi.

Ibhakede Lokuhlanza

Ivala igebe phakathi kwamandla aphezulu ebhakede lokumba kanye nekhono lokulinganisa ibhakede, ibhakede lokuhlanza linomlomo obanzi, oyisicaba kodwa onamaphrofayili ajulile aseceleni. Lo mklamo uvumela ukususwa okusheshayo kwemfucumfucu yendawo ekhululekile, ukugcwalisa isisekelo sesakhiwo, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinto eziningi ngaphandle kokudabula noma ukuphazamisa ungqimba olungaphansi kwesigaba.

3. Amaphrofayili Akhethekile Okudonsa Imisele kanye Nejiyometri

Ibhakede le-V / Ibhakede le-Trapezoidal

Ukusika imisele yokudonsa amanzi egobile, iziteshi zokuthambeka, noma ukulungisa imibhede yamapayipi ngamabhakede ajwayelekile kudinga izinyathelo eziningi zokuthambeka ngesandla. Ibhakede le-V libonisa i-geometry ye-trapezoidal ehlukile efana nokucaciswa komsele wokugcina. Iphasi elilodwa lisika phansi komsele kanye nezindonga ezigobile ngesikhathi esisodwa, okusheshisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza futhi kuvimbele ukugoba kwezindonga eziseceleni.

Ibhakede Elincane Lokucheba/Le-Fiber-Optic

Ukufakwa kwezinsizakusebenza zesimanje, njengenethiwekhi ye-fiber-optic kanye nemigqa yokunisela emincane, kudinga imisele eqondile kakhulu, enobubanzi obuncane. Amabhakede okufaka imisele emincane anephrofayili encane kakhulu, ende, evame ukuba ngamasentimitha ambalwa kuphela ububanzi. Ngokukhipha kuphela inani eliqondile lokungcola elidingekayo, kunciphisa inani lokugcwalisa emuva, kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zomsebenzi wokubuyisela kanye nezindleko zezinto zokwakha.

4. Ukulungiswa Kwezinto Ezinzima Nokuhlukaniswa Kwezinto

Ibhakede Eliyiqhwa/I-Rock Ripper

Ezimweni ezisenyakatho ezingaphansi kwezinga-zero lapho umhlabathi uqina khona, noma ezindaweni ezinedwala eligugile kakhulu, ukuvinjelwa kokumba okuvamile kuvamile. Ibhakede eliqandisiwe lisebenzisa isakhiwo sezinyo esiqinile, esinamagxathu emgogodleni walo wangemuva. Umklamo ugxilisa amandla okuphuma komgumbi abe yiphrofayili yezinyo elilodwa ngesikhathi, ephula i-matrix eqandisiwe noma ubuso bedwala ngaphambi kokuba umzimba webhakede ukhiphe izinto eziqhekekile.

Ibhakede Lamathambo

Ukususwa kwendawo, ukuguguleka komfula, kanye nokuhlelwa kokubhidliza kuvame ukudinga ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto zokwakha endaweni. Ibhakede lamathambo lithatha indawo yeplati yensimbi eqinile ngegridi ehlanganisiwe noma umklamo wesikhala osindayo. Njengoba opharetha ekha umthwalo oxubile futhi eshukumisa ingalo, inhlabathi encane kanye nesihlabathi kuyawa emuva ngezikhala, kushiye amatshe amakhulu kuphela, izingcezu zekhonkrithi, noma izimpande ebhakedeni ukuze zithuthwe.

Ibhakede Le-Rake Riddle

Njengebhakede lamathambo kodwa elinesakhiwo esingajulile kanye nezihlahla ezinde ezifana ne-rake, ibhakede le-rake riddle lenzelwe ngqo ukutshala amahlathi nokuvuselela umhlaba. Lihlanganisa inhlabathi ephezulu ukuze lisiphule izihlahla, iziqu, kanye nezakhiwo zezimpande ngenkathi ligcina izinto eziphilayo kanye nomhlabathi ophezulu phansi, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekile yokuvuselela imvelo nokulungiselela indawo.

5. Uhlaka Lokukhetha Ubuchwepheshe

Ukukhulisa imbuyiselo yokunamathisela ekutshalweni kwezimali (i-ROI) kudinga ukudlulela ngale kwezilinganiso zevolumu yamabhakede kuphela. Amasu okuthenga kufanele abeke phambili izinto ezintathu ezibalulekile:

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Kinematic kanye ne-Hydraulic:Qinisekisa ukuthi ububanzi bephini, ukusabalala kwezindlebe, kanye nokulungiselelwa kwezixhumanisi kuhambisana kahle nesithwali somsingathi. Izinamathiselo ezisebenza nge-hydraulic zidinga imigqa yokusiza elungiselelwe amazinga okucindezela nokugeleza aqondile.
• Ibanga le-GET (Amathuluzi Ahehayo Asemhlabeni):Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwanoma yiliphi ibhakede kuhlobene nezingxenye zalo ezigugile. Ukucacisa amazinyo ensimbi e-alloy, ama-adapter aqinile, kanye nezimbobo zokubopha kuvikela isakhiwo sesisekelo futhi kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi.
• Izidingo Ze-Geotechnical:Hlola ukuklwebheka kanye namazinga omswakama endaweni ethile. Ubumba olunomswakama ophezulu ludinga izindonga zamabhakede ezingajulile nezinciphile ukuze kube lula ukukhipha izinto ezihlanzekile futhi kususwe ukuhudula "kwebhakede elinamathelayo".

Isiphetho:Ukukhetha ukucushwa kwebhakede lokumba elifanele kuchaza ngqo ukonga uphethiloli okulinganiselwe, ukucindezeleka okuncane komshini ekuhlanganisweni kwe-boom yomshini, kanye nezikhathi zomjikelezo wokukhiqiza ezilungiselelwe kahle. Njengomhlinzeki ozinikele wezingxenye zokwakha zezinga eliphezulu,Izingxenye Ezinhle Kakhuluihlinzeka ngamabhakede ahlanganisiwe kanye namathuluzi okubandakanya iGround (GET) asezingeni eliphezulu aklanyelwe ukumelana nezimo zokusebenza eziyinselele kakhulu embonini.